diff --git a/.forgejo/workflows/portable.yml b/.forgejo/workflows/portable.yml
index 4472b63..205659b 100644
--- a/.forgejo/workflows/portable.yml
+++ b/.forgejo/workflows/portable.yml
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: 데스크톱 번들 빌드
         run: npm run build --workspace=@d3ro/desktop
 
+      - name: 데스크톱 렌더러 번들 검증
+        run: node scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs
+
       - name: 휴대용 ZIP + Scoop 매니페스트 생성
         run: node scripts/ci/build-portable.mjs
 
diff --git a/.forgejo/workflows/release.yml b/.forgejo/workflows/release.yml
index 3159540..d42bffd 100644
--- a/.forgejo/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.forgejo/workflows/release.yml
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ jobs:
             throw "로컬 개발 인증서는 production 서명 identity가 아닙니다."
           }
           npm run build --workspace=@d3ro/desktop
+          node scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs
           Push-Location apps/desktop
           npx electron-builder --win --x64 --config electron-builder.yml --publish never
           node scripts/ci/verify-native-abi.mjs
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 0694180..0db2b41 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -169,6 +169,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Target Workspace
         run: ${{ matrix.cmd }}
 
+      - name: Verify Desktop Renderer Bundles
+        if: matrix.target == 'desktop'
+        run: node scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs
+
   # ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   # 4. Android x86_64 artifacts and native dependency gate
   # ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 1e5c634..75e3d44 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -109,6 +109,9 @@ jobs:
           npm run typecheck
           npm run build --workspace=@d3ro/desktop
 
+      - name: Verify Desktop Renderer Bundles
+        run: node scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs
+
       - name: Build STT Sidecar (local transcription engine)
         run: |
           # Local transcription depends on the faster-whisper sidecar; a release
@@ -189,6 +192,9 @@ jobs:
           npm run typecheck
           npm run build --workspace=@d3ro/desktop
 
+      - name: Verify Desktop Renderer Bundles
+        run: node scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs
+
       - name: Build STT Sidecar (local transcription engine)
         run: |
           # Local transcription depends on the faster-whisper sidecar; a release
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main/windows/WindowManager.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main/windows/WindowManager.ts
index 6f39eea..2d0d6f8 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main/windows/WindowManager.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main/windows/WindowManager.ts
@@ -62,6 +62,99 @@ function getPopupI18nStrings(): Record<string, string> {
   }
 }
 
+// ── Popup window lifecycle ────────────────────────────
+
+/** Popup windows whose renderer finished loading and can receive IPC */
+const popupReady = new WeakSet<BrowserWindow>()
+/** IPC messages held back until the popup renderer is ready */
+const pendingPopupMessages = new WeakMap<BrowserWindow, Array<{ channel: string; data: unknown }>>()
+
+/**
+ * Promote popup renderer console output and load failures into the main log.
+ * Popups have no renderer logging otherwise, so a missing asset or a script
+ * exception stays invisible and the popup just renders static markup.
+ */
+function hookPopupDiagnostics(win: BrowserWindow, name: string): void {
+  win.webContents.on('console-message', (_event, level, message, line, sourceId) => {
+    logger.info(`[${name}] [Renderer] [${level}] ${message} (${sourceId}:${line})`)
+  })
+  win.webContents.on('did-fail-load', (_event, errorCode, errorDescription, validatedURL) => {
+    logger.error(`[${name}] renderer load failed [${errorCode}] ${errorDescription} (${validatedURL})`)
+  })
+  win.webContents.on('render-process-gone', (_event, details) => {
+    logger.error(`[${name}] renderer process gone: ${details.reason} (exitCode=${details.exitCode})`)
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deliver IPC to a popup even while its renderer is still loading.
+ * webContents.send before load is silently dropped, which leaves popups stuck
+ * on their initial markup (for example a frozen 0:00 timer).
+ */
+function sendToPopupWindow(win: BrowserWindow, channel: string, data: unknown): void {
+  if (win.isDestroyed() || win.webContents.isDestroyed()) return
+
+  if (popupReady.has(win)) {
+    win.webContents.send(channel, data)
+    return
+  }
+
+  const queue = pendingPopupMessages.get(win) ?? []
+  queue.push({ channel, data })
+  if (queue.length > 32) {
+    queue.splice(0, queue.length - 32)
+  }
+  pendingPopupMessages.set(win, queue)
+}
+
+function flushPopupMessages(win: BrowserWindow): void {
+  popupReady.add(win)
+
+  const queue = pendingPopupMessages.get(win)
+  if (!queue || queue.length === 0) return
+
+  pendingPopupMessages.delete(win)
+  for (const message of queue) {
+    if (!win.isDestroyed() && !win.webContents.isDestroyed()) {
+      win.webContents.send(message.channel, message.data)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Shared popup lifecycle: diagnostics + load tracking + theme injection */
+function attachPopupLifecycle(win: BrowserWindow, name: string): void {
+  hookPopupDiagnostics(win, name)
+
+  win.webContents.on('did-start-loading', () => {
+    popupReady.delete(win)
+  })
+
+  win.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
+    injectPopupTheme(win)
+    flushPopupMessages(win)
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Show a popup without stealing focus, reliably on every call.
+ * After hide(), showInactive() can lose z-order and repaint, so popups stopped
+ * appearing from the second show onward: re-assert topmost and force a repaint.
+ */
+function presentPopup(win: BrowserWindow, level?: 'floating' | 'screen-saver'): void {
+  if (!win.isVisible()) {
+    win.showInactive()
+  }
+
+  // Z-order/repaint adjustments must never break a capture session.
+  try {
+    win.setAlwaysOnTop(true, level)
+    win.moveTop()
+    win.webContents.invalidate()
+  } catch (err) {
+    logger.warn(`Popup present adjustment failed: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`)
+  }
+}
+
 // ── 윈도우 참조 ───────────────────────────────────────
 
 let mainWindow: BrowserWindow | null = null
@@ -199,9 +292,7 @@ function createRecordingTipWindow(): BrowserWindow {
     win.loadFile(join(__dirname, '../renderer/popups/recording-tip/index.html'))
   }
 
-  win.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
-    injectPopupTheme(win)
-  })
+  attachPopupLifecycle(win, 'recording-tip')
 
   win.on('closed', () => {
     recordingTipWindow = null
@@ -253,10 +344,9 @@ export function showRecordingTip(
   win.setBounds({ x, y, width: TIP_WIDTH, height: TIP_HEIGHT })
 
   // 상태 전송 후 즉시 show (2-phase 제거 — 숨겨진 윈도우의 렌더러 비활성 문제 방지)
-  win.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.WINDOW.TIP_STATE_CHANGED, { state, _i18n: getPopupI18nStrings(), ...params })
-  if (!win.isVisible()) {
-    win.showInactive()
-  }
+  sendToPopupWindow(win, IPC_CHANNELS.WINDOW.TIP_STATE_CHANGED, { state, _i18n: getPopupI18nStrings(), ...params })
+  presentPopup(win, 'screen-saver')
+  logger.debug(`RecordingTip presented: state=${state} visible=${win.isVisible()} loading=${win.webContents.isLoading()}`)
 }
 
 export function hideRecordingTip(): void {
@@ -270,20 +360,20 @@ export function updateRecordingTipState(
   params?: { text?: string; errorMessage?: string }
 ): void {
   if (recordingTipWindow && !recordingTipWindow.isDestroyed()) {
-    recordingTipWindow.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.WINDOW.TIP_STATE_CHANGED, { state, _i18n: getPopupI18nStrings(), ...params })
+    sendToPopupWindow(recordingTipWindow, IPC_CHANNELS.WINDOW.TIP_STATE_CHANGED, { state, _i18n: getPopupI18nStrings(), ...params })
   }
 }
 
 export function sendAudioLevelToTip(level: number): void {
   if (recordingTipWindow && !recordingTipWindow.isDestroyed()) {
-    recordingTipWindow.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.VOICE.AUDIO_LEVEL, { level })
+    sendToPopupWindow(recordingTipWindow, IPC_CHANNELS.VOICE.AUDIO_LEVEL, { level })
   }
 }
 
 /** 실시간 부분 전사 텍스트를 RecordingTip에 전달 */
 export function sendPartialTranscriptToTip(text: string): void {
   if (recordingTipWindow && !recordingTipWindow.isDestroyed()) {
-    recordingTipWindow.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.VOICE_PARTIAL.PARTIAL_TRANSCRIPT, { text })
+    sendToPopupWindow(recordingTipWindow, IPC_CHANNELS.VOICE_PARTIAL.PARTIAL_TRANSCRIPT, { text })
   }
 }
 
@@ -314,9 +404,7 @@ function createResultPopupWindow(): BrowserWindow {
     win.loadFile(join(__dirname, '../renderer/popups/result-popup/index.html'))
   }
 
-  win.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
-    injectPopupTheme(win)
-  })
+  attachPopupLifecycle(win, 'result-popup')
 
   win.on('closed', () => {
     resultPopupWindow = null
@@ -340,7 +428,7 @@ export function showResultPopup(text: string, autoHideMs = 5000): void {
   const win = getResultPopupWindow()
 
   // Phase 1: prepare
-  win.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_RESULT.PREPARE, { text, _i18n: getPopupI18nStrings() })
+  sendToPopupWindow(win, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_RESULT.PREPARE, { text, _i18n: getPopupI18nStrings() })
 
   ipcMain.once(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_RESULT.MEASURED, (_event, data: { width: number; height: number }) => {
     const cursorPos = screen.getCursorScreenPoint()
@@ -359,12 +447,10 @@ export function showResultPopup(text: string, autoHideMs = 5000): void {
 
     win.setBounds({ x, y, width: data.width, height: data.height })
 
-    if (!win.isVisible()) {
-      win.showInactive()
-    }
+    presentPopup(win)
 
     // Phase 2: show
-    win.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_RESULT.SHOW, { autoHideMs })
+    sendToPopupWindow(win, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_RESULT.SHOW, { autoHideMs })
   })
 }
 
@@ -401,9 +487,7 @@ function createHistoryPopupWindow(): BrowserWindow {
     win.loadFile(join(__dirname, '../renderer/popups/history-popup/index.html'))
   }
 
-  win.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
-    injectPopupTheme(win)
-  })
+  attachPopupLifecycle(win, 'history-popup')
 
   win.on('closed', () => {
     historyPopupWindow = null
@@ -440,18 +524,16 @@ export function showHistoryPopup(entries: Array<Record<string, unknown>>): void
 
   win.setBounds({ x, y, width: popupWidth, height: popupHeight })
 
-  win.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_HISTORY.SHOW_ITEMS, { entries, _i18n: getPopupI18nStrings() })
+  sendToPopupWindow(win, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_HISTORY.SHOW_ITEMS, { entries, _i18n: getPopupI18nStrings() })
 
-  if (!win.isVisible()) {
-    win.showInactive()
-  }
+  presentPopup(win)
 
-  win.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_HISTORY.SHOW, {})
+  sendToPopupWindow(win, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_HISTORY.SHOW, {})
 }
 
 export function hideHistoryPopup(): void {
   if (historyPopupWindow && !historyPopupWindow.isDestroyed()) {
-    historyPopupWindow.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_HISTORY.HIDE, {})
+    sendToPopupWindow(historyPopupWindow, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_HISTORY.HIDE, {})
     setTimeout(() => {
       if (historyPopupWindow && !historyPopupWindow.isDestroyed()) {
         historyPopupWindow.hide()
@@ -462,7 +544,7 @@ export function hideHistoryPopup(): void {
 
 export function sendKeyToHistoryPopup(key: string): void {
   if (historyPopupWindow && !historyPopupWindow.isDestroyed() && historyPopupWindow.isVisible()) {
-    historyPopupWindow.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_HISTORY.KEY_EVENT, { key })
+    sendToPopupWindow(historyPopupWindow, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_HISTORY.KEY_EVENT, { key })
   }
 }
 
@@ -497,9 +579,7 @@ function createCommandPopupWindow(): BrowserWindow {
     win.loadFile(join(__dirname, '../renderer/popups/command-popup/index.html'))
   }
 
-  win.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
-    injectPopupTheme(win)
-  })
+  attachPopupLifecycle(win, 'command-popup')
 
   win.on('closed', () => { commandPopupWindow = null })
   return win
@@ -527,15 +607,15 @@ export function showCommandPopup(commands: Array<Record<string, unknown>>, activ
   if (y < display.workArea.y) { y = cursorPos.y + 20 }
 
   win.setBounds({ x, y, width: popupWidth, height: popupHeight })
-  win.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_COMMAND.SHOW_ITEMS, { commands, activeId, _i18n: getPopupI18nStrings() })
+  sendToPopupWindow(win, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_COMMAND.SHOW_ITEMS, { commands, activeId, _i18n: getPopupI18nStrings() })
 
-  if (!win.isVisible()) { win.showInactive() }
-  win.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_COMMAND.SHOW, {})
+  presentPopup(win)
+  sendToPopupWindow(win, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_COMMAND.SHOW, {})
 }
 
 export function hideCommandPopup(): void {
   if (commandPopupWindow && !commandPopupWindow.isDestroyed()) {
-    commandPopupWindow.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_COMMAND.HIDE, {})
+    sendToPopupWindow(commandPopupWindow, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_COMMAND.HIDE, {})
     setTimeout(() => {
       if (commandPopupWindow && !commandPopupWindow.isDestroyed()) {
         commandPopupWindow.hide()
@@ -546,7 +626,7 @@ export function hideCommandPopup(): void {
 
 export function sendKeyToCommandPopup(key: string): void {
   if (commandPopupWindow && !commandPopupWindow.isDestroyed() && commandPopupWindow.isVisible()) {
-    commandPopupWindow.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_COMMAND.KEY_EVENT, { key })
+    sendToPopupWindow(commandPopupWindow, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_COMMAND.KEY_EVENT, { key })
   }
 }
 
@@ -591,9 +671,7 @@ function createCaptionOverlayWindow(): BrowserWindow {
     win.loadFile(join(__dirname, '../renderer/popups/caption-overlay/index.html'))
   }
 
-  win.webContents.on('did-finish-load', () => {
-    injectPopupTheme(win)
-  })
+  attachPopupLifecycle(win, 'caption-overlay')
 
   win.on('closed', () => {
     captionOverlayWindow = null
@@ -612,21 +690,19 @@ export function getCaptionOverlayWindow(): BrowserWindow {
 
 export function showCaptionOverlay(): void {
   const win = getCaptionOverlayWindow()
-  if (!win.isVisible()) {
-    win.showInactive()
-  }
+  presentPopup(win)
 }
 
 export function hideCaptionOverlay(): void {
   if (captionOverlayWindow && !captionOverlayWindow.isDestroyed()) {
-    captionOverlayWindow.webContents.send(IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_CAPTION.HIDE, {})
+    sendToPopupWindow(captionOverlayWindow, IPC_CHANNELS.POPUP_CAPTION.HIDE, {})
     captionOverlayWindow.hide()
   }
 }
 
 export function sendToCaptionOverlay(channel: string, data: unknown): void {
   if (captionOverlayWindow && !captionOverlayWindow.isDestroyed()) {
-    captionOverlayWindow.webContents.send(channel, data)
+    sendToPopupWindow(captionOverlayWindow, channel, data)
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/caption-overlay/index.html b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/caption-overlay/index.html
index b9b33f8..520866a 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/caption-overlay/index.html
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/caption-overlay/index.html
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
       <div id="lines"></div>
     </div>
   </div>
-  <script src="./script.js"></script>
+  <!-- type="module" 필수: Vite 번들에는 모듈 스크립트만 포함된다(누락 시 자막이 렌더되지 않는다). -->
+  <script type="module" src="./script.js"></script>
 </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/command-popup/index.html b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/command-popup/index.html
index 664087f..996a62f 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/command-popup/index.html
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/command-popup/index.html
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>
-  <script src="./script.js"></script>
+  <!-- type="module" 필수: Vite 번들에는 모듈 스크립트만 포함된다. -->
+  <script type="module" src="./script.js"></script>
 </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/history-popup/index.html b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/history-popup/index.html
index 780a1fb..0a461e5 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/history-popup/index.html
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/history-popup/index.html
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>
-  <script src="./script.js"></script>
+  <!-- type="module" 필수: Vite 번들에는 모듈 스크립트만 포함된다. -->
+  <script type="module" src="./script.js"></script>
 </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/recording-tip/index.html b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/recording-tip/index.html
index 58ea4ba..623064c 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/recording-tip/index.html
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/recording-tip/index.html
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>
-  <script src="./script.js"></script>
+  <!-- type="module" 필수: Vite 번들에는 모듈 스크립트만 포함된다. -->
+  <script type="module" src="./script.js"></script>
 </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/result-popup/index.html b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/result-popup/index.html
index 552fe47..6457d33 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/result-popup/index.html
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/result-popup/index.html
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>
-  <script src="./script.js"></script>
+  <!-- type="module" 필수: Vite 번들에는 모듈 스크립트만 포함된다. -->
+  <script type="module" src="./script.js"></script>
 </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/docs/map/00-index.md b/docs/map/00-index.md
index 6599721..3cff6b7 100644
--- a/docs/map/00-index.md
+++ b/docs/map/00-index.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 > Status: ACTIVE
 > Last full audit: 2026-09-13
+> Last update: 2026-09-19 — GAP-INFRA-05 (desktop renderer popup bundle verification wired into CI)
 > Scope: entire monorepo `D:/workspace/D3ROVoice` at product version `1.3.6`
 > Purpose: let any agent (or human) answer two questions in under a minute:
 > 1. **What infrastructure exists?** (build, CI, services, APIs, data, packages, deploy)
diff --git a/docs/map/02-infrastructure.md b/docs/map/02-infrastructure.md
index d8233ab..fabfa53 100644
--- a/docs/map/02-infrastructure.md
+++ b/docs/map/02-infrastructure.md
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ npm run release:metadata[:test]
 npm run release:forgejo[:check]  # canonical Forgejo publisher/feed
 npm run release:tag             # annotated/signed immutable release tag
 npm run security:secrets[:test] # hardcoded-secret scanner
+npm run check:desktop-renderer[:test] # built renderer pages reference only assets on disk
 npm run test:e2e:red            # content-report red e2e
 npm run release:mobile:boundary[:test]
 npm run release:mobile:config[:test]
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ See [`03-shared-packages.md`](./03-shared-packages.md). Summary:
 
 ### GitLab CI (`.gitlab-ci.yml`)
 
-Stages `validate → test → build → e2e → package → publish → deploy`. Primary pipeline for desktop Windows/macOS releases (Forgejo Generic Registry is the canonical updater feed; GitLab project 1172 is a legacy mirror) and production mobile releases (`mobile-production-release`, manual/protected). Admin NAS deploy job is intentionally **disabled**. `package-windows`/`package-macos` build the faster-whisper sidecar (`sidecar:setup` → `sidecar:build`) and run `scripts/ci/verify-sidecar-bundle.mjs` before electron-builder, so a release can never ship without the local STT engine.
+Stages `validate → test → build → e2e → package → publish → deploy`. Primary pipeline for desktop Windows/macOS releases (Forgejo Generic Registry is the canonical updater feed; GitLab project 1172 is a legacy mirror) and production mobile releases (`mobile-production-release`, manual/protected). Admin NAS deploy job is intentionally **disabled**. `package-windows`/`package-macos` build the faster-whisper sidecar (`sidecar:setup` → `sidecar:build`) and run `scripts/ci/verify-sidecar-bundle.mjs` before electron-builder, so a release can never ship without the local STT engine. Every pipeline that runs `npm run build --workspace=@d3ro/desktop` (`.forgejo` release/portable, `.github` CI/release) then runs `scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs`, which fails packaging when a renderer page references an asset the build did not emit (GAP-INFRA-05).
 
 ### Forgejo Actions (`.forgejo/workflows/`)
 `portable.yml` — 태그/수동 실행으로 **서명 없이** portable 채널(95MiB 7z 분할 볼륨 + Scoop 매니페스트 + 설치 스크립트)을 게시한다. `WIN_CSC_*` 불필요, updater feed는 건드리지 않는다.
diff --git a/docs/map/04-desktop-app.md b/docs/map/04-desktop-app.md
index dd6e5df..317ae42 100644
--- a/docs/map/04-desktop-app.md
+++ b/docs/map/04-desktop-app.md
@@ -146,6 +146,12 @@ Preload exposes **`window.electronAPI`** with 33 namespaces: `platform, audio, c
 
 `windows/WindowManager.ts` creates 6 windows: main (borderless, custom TitleBar; macOS `hiddenInset`), recording-tip, result-popup, history-popup, command-popup, caption-overlay. Injects popup theme CSS + i18n strings; 2-phase resize. `windows/TrayManager.ts` — tray icon + menu + double-click show.
 
+**Popup invariants** (each shipped broken once — do not regress):
+
+- 팝업 HTML의 스크립트는 반드시 `<script type="module">`로 선언한다. Vite는 모듈 스크립트만 번들에 포함하므로 classic `<script src="./script.js">`는 dev에서만 로드되고 패키징 산출물에서는 파일 자체가 사라진다(오버레이가 정적 HTML로 멈춘 원인). `scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs`가 빌드 HTML이 참조하는 모든 로컬 asset의 존재를 검사한다.
+- 렌더러 로드 전의 `webContents.send`는 조용히 버려진다. 팝업 전송은 `sendToPopupWindow`를 쓰고, 이 함수가 `did-finish-load`까지 메시지를 보관했다가 전달한다. `attachPopupLifecycle`이 로드 상태 추적·테마 주입·팝업 렌더러 진단 로그를 한 곳에서 묶는다.
+- 팝업 표시는 `presentPopup`으로 통일한다(`showInactive` + topmost 재선언 + `moveTop` + `webContents.invalidate`). 한 번 `hide()`된 팝업이 두 번째 표시에서 z-order/repaint를 잃어 보이지 않던 문제를 막는다.
+
 Vanilla popups (`src/renderer/popups/`):
 | Popup | Purpose |
 |---|---|
diff --git a/docs/map/10-feature-catalog.md b/docs/map/10-feature-catalog.md
index 6a6ae29..500a2f9 100644
--- a/docs/map/10-feature-catalog.md
+++ b/docs/map/10-feature-catalog.md
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Status quick-reference: `[x]` done+verified · `[~]` partial/unverified · `[ ]`
 | CAP-01 | Push-to-talk dictation (hold/release) | [x] | [-] | [x] | [-] | Desktop `VoiceModeService`; mobile RecordScreen via app CTA/notification action (no global hotkey) |
 | CAP-02 | Hands-free toggle dictation | [x] | [-] | [x] | [-] | Desktop double-press; mobile toggle |
 | CAP-03 | Live partial transcript while recording | [x] | [ ] | [ ] | [-] | Desktop `voice:partialTranscript` + recording-tip; producer added in `1.3.0` (`VoiceModeService._runPartial` → `LocalSTTService.transcribePartial`, 1.5 s cadence / 7.5 s window, never inserted). The row was `[x]` before any producer existed. |
-| CAP-04 | Recording waveform + level meter | [x] | [x] | [x] | [-] | Desktop 9-bar cos distribution; mobile audio level |
+| CAP-04 | Recording waveform + level meter | [x] | [x] | [x] | [-] | Desktop 9-bar cos distribution; mobile audio level; the recording-tip popup bundle and its on-disk assets are verified by `scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs` |
 | CAP-05 | Device/mic selection | [x] | [ ] | [~] | [-] | Desktop config; mobile uses system default |
 | CAP-06 | System/loopback audio capture | [x] | [-] | [ ] | [-] | Desktop only (caption source); mobile policy-limited |
 | CAP-07 | Local Whisper STT | [x] | [-] | [x] | [-] | Desktop ships the faster-whisper sidecar (`resources/sidecar`, built by `sidecar:build`, verified by `scripts/ci/verify-sidecar-bundle.mjs`), warms it up at app start, and connects over IPv4 loopback; mobile on-device Whisper (supported devices) |
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Status quick-reference: `[x]` done+verified · `[~]` partial/unverified · `[ ]`
 | CAP-10 | STT model download/management UI | [x] | [-] | [~] | [-] | Desktop model manager + onboarding; mobile bundled model |
 | CAP-11 | File transcription (audio/video) | [x] | [ ] | [x] | [~] | Desktop ffmpeg chunking; mobile import picker; web deferred |
 | CAP-12 | Audio import from other apps (share intent) | [-] | [-] | [x] | [-] | Mobile Android `ACTION_SEND`/`ACTION_VIEW` (SSOT R-016 GREEN) |
-| CAP-13 | Live captions overlay | [x] | [-] | [-] | [-] | Desktop `CaptionService` + caption-overlay popup |
+| CAP-13 | Live captions overlay | [x] | [-] | [-] | [-] | Desktop `CaptionService` + caption-overlay popup; popup assets verified in the packaged build (`scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs`); GAP-INFRA-05 |
 | CAP-14 | Recording persistence / crash recovery | [x] | [ ] | [x] | [-] | Desktop WAV persist; mobile durable queue + process-kill WAV recovery |
 | CAP-15 | Android foreground recording service | [-] | [-] | [x] | [-] | Mobile API 34 FGS + persistent notification (SSOT R-005 GREEN) |
 
diff --git a/docs/map/11-gap-backlog.md b/docs/map/11-gap-backlog.md
index 47d0dc7..360e115 100644
--- a/docs/map/11-gap-backlog.md
+++ b/docs/map/11-gap-backlog.md
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ Legend: `[ ]` open · `[~]` in progress · `[!]` blocked externally · `[x]` res
 | GAP-STT-06 | Local STT | Decode settings were untuned: previous-text conditioning let repeated hallucinations compound, and no VAD parameters meant slow, uneven segments. | `apps/desktop/sidecar/main.py` | `[x]` 2026-09-18: `condition_on_previous_text=false`, bounded low-temperature fallback, `no_speech`/`compression_ratio`/`log_prob` thresholds, 300 ms silence trimming. Same transcript, ~5x faster on the reference machine (7.7 s audio: 1609 ms → 303 ms). |
 | GAP-STT-08 | Local STT | 1.3.5 설치본에서 엔진 설치가 "런타임 아카이브 해시 불일치 (sidecar)"로 항상 실패했다. 부품 검증은 **메모리 스트림**에서 센 값으로, 결합 검증은 **디스크 파일**에서 계산해 기준이 서로 달랐다. 디스크 쓰기가 잘려도 부품 검사를 통과하고 결합 단계에서만 터지므로 원인 파악도 불가능했다. 재시도가 없어 전송이 한 번 끊기면 곧바로 설치 실패였다. | `apps/desktop/src/main/services/RuntimeProvisioner.ts` | `[x]` 2026-09-18: 부품 크기·해시를 디스크 파일 기준으로 통일하고, 결합본은 크기를 먼저 검사한 뒤 해시를 본다(오류 메시지에 실제/기대값 포함). 부품 다운로드는 실패 시 해당 파일을 지우고 최대 3회 재시도한다. 서버 아티팩트는 무결함을 확인했고(부품 2개 해시 일치, 결합본 `e203aa53…` = 인덱스 기대값), 실제 feed로 설치를 재현해 18초 만에 성공. **1.3.6으로 게시 완료** — `latest.yml`이 1.3.6/90.6MiB를 서빙하고 설치본 sha512가 피드 메타데이터와 일치. 설치본 asar에 수정 코드가 포함되고 구버전 `archiveHash` 경로는 제거됨을 확인. |
 
+| GAP-INFRA-05 | Build | 패키징된 렌더러 팝업 스크립트가 번들에 없었다. 팝업 HTML이 classic `<script src="./script.js">`를 참조해 Vite가 처리하지 않았고, dev에서는 로드되지만 설치본에는 파일이 없었다. 그래서 녹음 오버레이가 0:00에서 멈추고 웨이브 바가 뜨지 않았으며 실시간 자막이 렌더되지 않았다. 로드 전 `webContents.send`가 조용히 버려지는 문제와 `hide()` 이후 재표시의 z-order/repaint 유실도 함께 있었다. | `apps/desktop/src/renderer/popups/*/index.html`, `apps/desktop/src/main/windows/WindowManager.ts`, `scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs` | `[x]` 2026-09-19: 팝업 5종을 `type="module"`로 전환해 Vite가 해시된 번들로 방출하도록 고쳤고, 빌드 HTML이 참조하는 모든 로컬 asset이 디스크에 있는지 검사하는 `verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs`(+ self-test)를 `.forgejo`/`.github` 패키징 파이프라인에 연결했다. WindowManager는 렌더러 준비 전 IPC를 `did-finish-load`까지 보관하고, 팝업을 표시할 때마다 topmost 재선언 + 강제 repaint를 수행하며, 팝업 렌더러 콘솔/로드 실패를 main 로그로 승격한다. |
+
 ---
 
 ## 2. Mobile checklist roll-up (from `MOBILE_APP_COMPLETION_SSOT.md` §4)
diff --git a/scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs b/scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eb994a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+// scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs
+//
+// Fails packaging when a renderer page ships without the assets it references.
+//
+// Why this exists: Vite only bundles <script type="module"> tags. A page that
+// keeps a classic <script src="./script.js"> points at a file the build never
+// emits, so the packaged window renders its static markup forever. That is how
+// the recording overlay froze at 0:00 without wave bars and live captions never
+// showed up. Comparing built HTML against disk catches the whole class of bug.
+//
+// Usage:
+//   node scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs
+//   node scripts/ci/verify-desktop-renderer-bundles.mjs --self-test
+
+import { existsSync, mkdirSync, mkdtempSync, readFileSync, readdirSync, rmSync, statSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs'
+import os from 'node:os'
+import path from 'node:path'
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
+
+const scriptDir = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url))
+const repoRoot = path.resolve(scriptDir, '..', '..')
+const desktopDir = path.join(repoRoot, 'apps', 'desktop')
+const sourcePopupDir = path.join(desktopDir, 'src', 'renderer', 'popups')
+const builtRendererDir = path.join(desktopDir, 'out', 'renderer')
+
+/**
+ * Pages the packaged renderer must contain, relative to the renderer root.
+ * Popup directories are discovered from source so a new popup cannot be added
+ * without also being built.
+ */
+function expectedPages() {
+  const pages = ['index.html']
+  if (!existsSync(sourcePopupDir)) return pages
+
+  for (const entry of readdirSync(sourcePopupDir).sort()) {
+    const entryPath = path.join(sourcePopupDir, entry)
+    if (statSync(entryPath).isDirectory() && existsSync(path.join(entryPath, 'index.html'))) {
+      pages.push(path.posix.join('popups', entry, 'index.html'))
+    }
+  }
+  return pages
+}
+
+/** Local script/link references inside a built HTML page. */
+function localReferences(html) {
+  const refs = []
+  const pattern = /<(?:script|link)\b[^>]*?\b(?:src|href)="([^"]+)"/g
+  let match
+  while ((match = pattern.exec(html)) !== null) {
+    const ref = match[1]
+    if (/^[a-z]+:/i.test(ref) || ref.startsWith('//') || ref.startsWith('#')) continue
+    refs.push(ref.split('?')[0])
+  }
+  return refs
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} rendererDir built renderer root
+ * @param {string[]} pages page paths relative to that root
+ * @returns {string[]} problems, empty when the build is complete
+ */
+function collectProblems(rendererDir, pages) {
+  const problems = []
+
+  for (const page of pages) {
+    const pagePath = path.join(rendererDir, page)
+    if (!existsSync(pagePath)) {
+      problems.push(`missing built page: ${pagePath}`)
+      continue
+    }
+
+    const html = readFileSync(pagePath, 'utf8')
+
+    for (const ref of localReferences(html)) {
+      const assetPath = ref.startsWith('/')
+        ? path.join(rendererDir, ref.slice(1))
+        : path.resolve(path.dirname(pagePath), ref)
+      if (!existsSync(assetPath)) {
+        problems.push(`${page} references a missing asset: ${ref} -> ${assetPath}`)
+      }
+    }
+
+    // A classic script tag is never emitted by the renderer build.
+    if (/<script\b(?![^>]*\btype="module")[^>]*\bsrc=/.test(html)) {
+      problems.push(`${page} loads a classic script; add type="module" so Vite bundles it`)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return problems
+}
+
+function selfTest() {
+  const tmpRoot = mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'd3ro-renderer-bundles-'))
+  const failures = []
+
+  try {
+    const bundlePage = (root, scriptTag) => {
+      mkdirSync(path.join(root, 'assets'), { recursive: true })
+      mkdirSync(path.join(root, 'popups', 'recording-tip'), { recursive: true })
+      writeFileSync(path.join(root, 'assets', 'app.js'), '')
+      writeFileSync(
+        path.join(root, 'popups', 'recording-tip', 'index.html'),
+        `<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html><body>${scriptTag}</body></html>\n`,
+      )
+    }
+
+    const pages = ['popups/recording-tip/index.html']
+
+    const goodRoot = path.join(tmpRoot, 'good')
+    bundlePage(goodRoot, '<script type="module" src="../../assets/app.js"></script>')
+    const goodProblems = collectProblems(goodRoot, pages)
+    if (goodProblems.length !== 0) {
+      failures.push(`complete build reported problems: ${goodProblems.join('; ')}`)
+    }
+
+    const brokenRoot = path.join(tmpRoot, 'broken')
+    bundlePage(brokenRoot, '<script src="./script.js"></script>')
+    const brokenProblems = collectProblems(brokenRoot, pages)
+    if (!brokenProblems.some((problem) => problem.includes('missing asset'))) {
+      failures.push('missing asset was not detected')
+    }
+    if (!brokenProblems.some((problem) => problem.includes('classic script'))) {
+      failures.push('classic script tag was not detected')
+    }
+
+    const missingPageProblems = collectProblems(goodRoot, ['popups/absent/index.html'])
+    if (!missingPageProblems.some((problem) => problem.startsWith('missing built page'))) {
+      failures.push('missing page was not detected')
+    }
+  } finally {
+    rmSync(tmpRoot, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  }
+
+  if (failures.length > 0) {
+    console.error('verify-desktop-renderer-bundles self-test failed:')
+    for (const failure of failures) console.error(`- ${failure}`)
+    process.exit(1)
+  }
+  console.log('verify-desktop-renderer-bundles self-test: OK')
+}
+
+if (process.argv.slice(2).includes('--self-test')) {
+  selfTest()
+} else if (!existsSync(builtRendererDir)) {
+  console.error(`Renderer build not found: ${builtRendererDir}`)
+  console.error('  build: npm run build --workspace=@d3ro/desktop')
+  process.exit(1)
+} else {
+  const pages = expectedPages()
+  const problems = collectProblems(builtRendererDir, pages)
+
+  if (problems.length > 0) {
+    console.error('Desktop renderer bundle verification failed:')
+    for (const problem of problems) console.error(`- ${problem}`)
+    console.error('  rebuild: npm run build --workspace=@d3ro/desktop')
+    process.exit(1)
+  }
+
+  console.log(`Desktop renderer bundle verification passed: ${pages.length} page(s) with all assets on disk`)
+}
\ No newline at end of file